Fabric Bursting Strength Tester: Working Principle, Features, and Applications

Introduction

A fabric bursting strength tester is a specialized instrument used to measure the resistance of fabric materials to multidirectional pressure. Unlike tensile testing, which measures strength in a single direction, bursting strength testing evaluates how well a fabric can withstand pressure applied perpendicularly and evenly across its surface—simulating real-life scenarios like stretching, inflating, or rubbing.

This device plays a vital role in quality control and product development across the textile, apparel, medical, and industrial fabric industries. In this article, we will explore what a fabric bursting strength tester is, how it works, the types available, testing standards, and its applications.

What Is a Fabric Bursting Strength Tester?

A fabric bursting strength tester is a laboratory testing instrument designed to determine the bursting strength of woven, knitted, nonwoven, and composite fabrics. Bursting strength refers to the pressure or force required to rupture a fabric when force is applied in all directions at once.

The test is especially important for fabrics used in high-stress or multidirectional applications such as airbags, packaging, medical textiles, sportswear, and upholstery.

Working Principle of Fabric Bursting Strength Tester

There are two primary mechanisms used in fabric bursting strength testers:

1. Hydraulic (Diaphragm) Method

Standard: ASTM D3786 / ISO 13938-1

Working Principle:

• The fabric specimen is clamped over a flexible rubber diaphragm.
  
• Fluid pressure is applied beneath the diaphragm using a hydraulic system.
  
• As the pressure increases, the diaphragm bulges upward and exerts force uniformly on the fabric.
  
• The pressure continues to build until the fabric bursts.
  
• The bursting strength is recorded at the point of rupture.
  

This method is ideal for knitted fabrics, nonwovens, and lightweight textiles due to its ability to simulate real-world multidirectional forces.

2. Ball Burst Method

Standard: ASTM D3787

Working Principle:

• A fabric sample is clamped securely in place.
  
• A steel ball is pushed mechanically through the center of the fabric.
  
• The force required to rupture the fabric is measured.
  
• This method is typically used for coated, heavy-duty, or rigid fabrics.
  

Key Features of a Fabric Bursting Strength Tester

Modern bursting strength testers are designed with precision, efficiency, and user-friendliness in mind. Key features include:

• Digital Display or Touchscreen: For real-time monitoring and result display.
  
• Automatic Clamping: Ensures uniform sample placement and prevents slippage.
  
• Adjustable Test Parameters: Pressure range, speed, and dwell time can be customized.
  
• High-Precision Load Cells: Provide accurate force measurement.
  
• Data Storage & Export: Built-in memory or USB connectivity for saving test results.
  
• Compliance with International Standards: Supports ASTM, ISO, and other relevant methods.
  
• Safety Mechanisms: Overload protection, emergency stop, and shielded test chamber.
  

Testing Procedure Using a Fabric Bursting Strength Tester

1. Sample Preparation: Cut the fabric into a standard size as per test requirements.
   
2. Clamping: Secure the fabric sample over the diaphragm or between test plates.
   
3. Pressure Application: Begin the test by applying hydraulic pressure or mechanical force.
   
4. Burst Point Detection: The machine automatically detects the point of rupture.
   
5. Data Collection: Bursting strength is displayed and stored digitally, often with pressure vs. time graphs.
   
6. Result Analysis: Values are compared with standard thresholds or product specifications.
   

Standards Followed

Fabric bursting strength testers are designed to meet international testing standards such as:

• ASTM D3786 – Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics.
  
• ASTM D3787 – Standard Test Method for Ball Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics.
  
• ISO 13938-1 – Textiles – Bursting Properties – Part 1: Hydraulic Method.
  
• ISO 13938-2 – Part 2: Pneumatic Method (less commonly used).
  

Applications of Fabric Bursting Strength Tester

A fabric bursting strength tester is used in multiple industries where fabric performance is critical:

• Textile & Apparel Industry: To assess the durability of knitted and stretchable garments.
  
• Medical Textiles: Testing the strength of surgical gowns, drapes, and bandages.
  
• Technical Textiles: For airbags, industrial filters, and protective clothing.
  
• Home Furnishings: Evaluating fabric strength for sofas, cushions, and mattresses.
  
• Packaging Industry: Testing woven sacks, tarps, and industrial wrapping materials.
  

Benefits of Using a Fabric Bursting Strength Tester

• Ensures Product Quality: Confirms fabrics can meet intended performance criteria.
  
• Reduces Product Failures: Helps prevent issues such as tearing under stress.
  
• Supports R&D: Provides insights into new fabric formulations and finishes.
  
• Boosts Customer Confidence: Verified strength ratings reassure clients and regulatory bodies.
  
• Improves Efficiency: Fast, automated testing reduces manual errors and saves time.
  

Conclusion

A fabric bursting strength tester is an essential instrument in any textile testing lab. By simulating real-world stress conditions, it provides accurate insights into a fabric’s strength and resilience. Whether for knitted garments, medical fabrics, industrial textiles, or packaging materials, this tester helps manufacturers maintain high quality, meet standards, and ensure safety. With its precision and versatility, the fabric bursting strength tester continues to be a cornerstone in fabric performance evaluation across global industries.

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